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Abstract
The reproduction of a metal indicator simulating a root canal instrument at the apex
of a tooth was examined as a function of paralleling, modified paralleling, and bisecting-angle
radiographic techniques. Radiographs exposed according to the paralleling and modified
paralleling principles demonstrated good correlation between the radiographic position
of the metal indicator and its position on direct inspection. The bisecting-angle
technique, either correctly or incorrectly angulated, produced the least accurate
results. The apical location of the metal indicator was significantly more reliable
with the paralleling principle than with the bisecting-angle technique (p < 0.05).
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© 1987 Published by Elsevier Inc.