Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 64, ISSUE 6, P693-697, December 1987

Download started.

Ok

Review of the herpesviruses and hepatitis A: The potential hazards in dental care

      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      There is now an increased awareness of the risk of transmission of viral infections via blood and saliva after the publicity given to the human immunodeficiency viruses responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The herpesviruses have been found in blood, in blood products, and in saliva, and information with respect to these routes of transmission is convincing. Although hepatitis A virus is spread predominantly by water contaminated with feces (fecal-oral route), the virus is also found in saliva. On these grounds alone, these viruses must be considered a potential hazard in dentistry. Information in regard to the actual risks of their transmission in the context of dental practice is not yet available, primarily because a high proportion of infections are asymptomatic. Serologic studies of their prevalence suggest that all are widespread in the population. They are particularly common in many things of the groups known to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus, including promiscuous homosexuals, bisexuals, and intravenous drug abusers. In addition, pregnant women and their babies are particularly at risk from the herpesviruses. It is important to identify members of these high-risk groups as a potential source of transmission of infection through dental practice and in addition, it is important to identify them because they are prone to chronic sequelae.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      References

        • Weller T.H.
        The cytomegaloviruses. Ubiquitous agents with protean clinical manifestations.
        N Engl J Med. 1971; 285: 203-206
        • Stagno S.
        • Whitley R.J.
        Herpes virus infections of pregnancy. Part 1: Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections.
        N Engl J Med. 1985; 313: 1270-1274
        • Best J.N.
        Congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
        Br Med J. 1987; 294: 1440-1441
        • Stagno S.
        • Pass R.F.
        • Dworsky M.F.
        • Henderson R.E.
        • Moore E.G.
        • Walton P.D.
        • Alford E.A.
        Congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
        N Engl J Med. 1982; 306: 945-949
        • Marder M.Z.
        • Barr C.E.
        • Mandel I.D.
        Cytomegalovirus presence and salivary composition in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
        Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1985; 60: 372-376
        • Mintz L.
        • Drew W.L.
        • Miner R.C.
        • Braff E.H.
        Cytomegalovirus infections in homosexual men.
        Ann Intern Med. 1983; 99: 326-329
        • Stern M.
        • Elek S.D.
        The incidence of infection with cytomegalovirus in a normal population: a serological study in greater London.
        J Hyg. 1965; 63: 79-87
        • Winston D.J.
        • Pollard R.B.
        • Ho W.E.
        • et al.
        Cytomegalovirus immune plasma in bone marrow transplant recipients.
        Ann Intern Med. 1982; 97: 11-18
        • Epstein M.A.
        • Achong B.S.
        Introduction and general biology of the virus.
        in: Epstein M.A. Achong B.G. The Epstein-Barr virus. Springer-Verlag, Berlin1979: 1-22
        • Niederman J.C.
        • Miller G.
        • Pearson M.A.
        • Pagano J.S.
        • Dowaliby J.M.
        Infectious mononucleosis: EBV shedding in saliva and the oropharynx.
        N Engl J Med. 1976; 294: 1353-1359
        • Sixeby J.W.
        • Nedrud J.G.
        • Raab-Traub N.
        Epstein-Barr virus replication in oropharyngeal epithelial cells.
        N Engl J Med. 1984; 310: 1225-1230
        • Greenspan J.S.
        • Greenspan D.
        • Lennbette E.T.
        • et al.
        Replication of Epstein-Barr virus within the epithelial cells of oral “hairy” leukoplakia, an AIDS association lesion.
        N Engl J Med. 1985; 313: 1564-1571
        • Strauch B.
        • Andrews L.L.
        • Siegal N.
        • Miller G.
        Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by renal transplant recipients and other patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
        Lancet. 1974; 1: 234-237
        • Epstein M.A.
        • Achong B.G.
        Pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis.
        Lancet. 1977; 2: 1270
        • Smith I.W.
        • Penther J.F.
        • MacCullum F.O.
        The incidence of Herpes-virus hominis antibody in the population.
        J Hyg (Camb). 1967; 65: 346-395
        • Scully C.
        An update on mouth ulcers.
        Dent Update. 1983; 4: 142-152
        • Douglas R.G.
        • Couch R.B.
        A prospective study of chronic herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent herpes labialis in humans.
        J Immunol. 1970; 104: 289-301
        • Gust I.D.
        The epidemiology of viral hepatitis.
        in: Vyas G.N. Dienstag J.L. Hoofnagle J.H. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Grune & Stratton, New York1984: 415-421
        • Lemon S.M.
        Type A viral hepatitis. New developments in an old disease.
        N Engl J Med. 1985; 313: 1059-1069
        • Frosner G.G.
        • Papaevangelou G.
        • Butler R.
        • et al.
        Antibody against hepatitis A in seven European countries. I. Comparison of prevalence data in different age groups.
        Am J Epidemiol. 1979; 110: 63-69
        • Epstein M.A.
        • Achong B.G.
        Pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis.
        Lancet. 1977; 2: 1270
        • Smith I.W.
        • Peutherer J.F.
        • MacCullum F.O.
        The incidence of Herpesvirus hominis antibody in the population.
        J Hyg (Camb). 1967; 65: 395-408
        • Scully C.
        An update on mouth ulcers.
        Dent Update. 1983; 4: 142-152
        • Douglas R.G.
        • Couch R.B.
        A prospective study of chronic herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent herpes labialis in humans.
        J Immunol. 1970; 104: 289-301
        • Gust I.D.
        The epidemiology of viral hepatitis.
        in: Vyas G.N. Dienstag J.L. Hoofnagle J.H. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Grune & Stratton, New York1984: 415-421
        • Lemon S.M.
        Type A viral hepatitis. New developments in an old disease.
        N Engl J Med. 1985; 313: 1059-1069
        • Frosner G.G.
        • Papaevangelou G.
        • Butler R.
        • et al.
        Antibody against hepatitis A in seven European countries. I. Comparison of prevalence data in different age groups.
        Am J Epidemiol. 1979; 110: 63-69
        • Purcell R.H.
        • Feinstone S.M.
        • Ticehurst J.R.
        • Daemer R.J.
        • Baroudy B.M.
        Hepatitis A virus.
        in: Vyas G.N. Dienstag J.L. Hoofnagle J.H. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. Grune & Stratton, New York1984: 9-22
        • Levy B.S.
        • Fontaine R.E.
        • Smith C.A.
        • et al.
        A large foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A: possible transmission of oropharyngeal secretions.
        JAMA. 1975; 234: 289-294
        • Hollinger F.B.
        • Khan N.C.
        • Oefinger P.E.
        • et al.
        Post-transfusion hepatitis type A.
        JAMA. 1983; 250: 2313-2317
        • LeDuc J.W.
        • Lemon S.M.
        • Keenan C.M.
        • Graham R.R.
        • Marchwicki R.H.
        • Binn L.N.
        Experimental infection of the New World owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) with hepatitis A virus.
        Infect Immun. 1983; 40: 766-772
        • Francis D.P.
        • Hadler S.C.
        • Prednergaast T.J.
        • et al.
        Occurrence of hepatitis A, B and non-A, and non-B in the United States. CDC Sentimel County, Hepatitis Study I.
        Am J Med. 1984; 76: 69-74
        • Provost P.J.
        • Wolanski B.S.
        • Miller W.J.
        • Ittensohn O.L.
        • McAleer W.J.
        • Hilleman M.R.
        Physical, chemical, and morphological dimensions of human hepatitis A virus strain.
        in: 2nd ed. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 148. 1975: 532-539
        • MMWR
        Post-exposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B.
        MMWR. 1984; 22: 285-290
        • MMWR
        Immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis.
        MMWR. 1981; 30: 423-428
        • Provost P.J.
        • Bishop R.P.
        • Gerety R.J.
        • et al.
        New findings in live, attenuated hepatitis A vaccine development.
        J Med Virol. 1986; 20: 165-175
        • Hughes J.V.
        • Bennett C.
        • Stanton L.
        • Linemeyer D.L.
        • Mitra S.W.
        Hepatitis A virus structural proteins: sequencing and ability to induce virus-neutralizing antibody responses.
        in: Lerner R.A. Chanock R.M. Brown F. Vaccines 85: molecular and chemical basis of resistance ti parasitic, bacterial, and viral diseases. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York1985: 191-198