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Abstract
There is now an increased awareness of the risk of transmission of viral infections
via blood and saliva after the publicity given to the human immunodeficiency viruses
responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The herpesviruses have been
found in blood, in blood products, and in saliva, and information with respect to
these routes of transmission is convincing. Although hepatitis A virus is spread predominantly
by water contaminated with feces (fecal-oral route), the virus is also found in saliva.
On these grounds alone, these viruses must be considered a potential hazard in dentistry.
Information in regard to the actual risks of their transmission in the context of
dental practice is not yet available, primarily because a high proportion of infections
are asymptomatic. Serologic studies of their prevalence suggest that all are widespread
in the population. They are particularly common in many things of the groups known
to be at high risk for hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus, including
promiscuous homosexuals, bisexuals, and intravenous drug abusers. In addition, pregnant
women and their babies are particularly at risk from the herpesviruses. It is important
to identify members of these high-risk groups as a potential source of transmission
of infection through dental practice and in addition, it is important to identify
them because they are prone to chronic sequelae.
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© 1987 The C. V. Mosby Company. Published by Elsevier Inc.