Objectives
Little is known about the host immuno-inflammatory response to dental extractions.
The purpose of this pilot clinical study was to explore the effect of both periodontitis
and dental extractions on the host systemic immuno-inflammatory response.
Study design
We recruited and collected baseline blood samples on 41 essentially healthy patients.
A subset of 22 subjects underwent single (n = 11) or multiple (n = 11) tooth extractions
with additional blood samples taken at 1 hour following single tooth extraction and
at 8 and 24 hours following multiple tooth extractions. Samples were used for determination
of an array of 12 cytokines known to play key roles in innate and adaptive immunity.
Results
There was no significant difference in cytokine levels between the pre– and post–tooth
extraction samples for either extraction group for the time points measured. Nor was
there a positive relationship between the level of any of the cytokines and periodontal
disease status as measured by mean probing depths and other periodontal disease parameters.
Conclusion
Our pilot data suggest that the body is well adjusted to deal with the inflammation
and bacteremia associated with dental extractions and periodontal disease.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral RadiologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Prevention of infective endocarditis.Circulation. 2007; 116: 1736-1754
- The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental practice.J Am Dent Assoc. 2007; 138: 458-474
- The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more.Immunol Today. 1996; 17: 138-146
- Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight.J Periodontol. 1996; 67: 1103-1113
- Periodontal diseases and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a meta-analysis.J Periodontol. 2005; 76: 161-165
- Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 194: 1316-1322
- Progressive periodontal disease and risk of very preterm delivery.Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 107: 29-36
- Examination of the relation between periodontal health status and cardiovascular risk factors: serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen.Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 151: 273-282
- Antimicrobial periodontal treatment decreases serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not adiponectin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis.J Periodontol. 2003; 74: 1231-1236
- Periodontal disease and C-reactive protein-associated cardiovascular risk.J Periodontal Res. 2004; 39: 236-241
- Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence?.J Clin Periodontol. 2004; 31: 402-411
- Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients.J Periodontol. 2000; 71: 1528-1534
- Full-mouth tooth extraction lowers systemic inflammatory and thrombotic markers of cardiovascular risk.J Dent Res. 2006; 85: 74-78
- Periodontal infections and coronary heart disease: role of periodontal bacteria and importance of total pathogen burden in the Coronary Event and Periodontal Disease (CORODONT) study.Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 554-559
- Dental disease, fibrinogen and white cell count: links with myocardial infarction?.Scot Med J. 1993; 38: 73-74
- Systemic acute-phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, in adult periodontitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 1997; 107: 347-352
- Plasma antibody levels in periodontitis patients and controls.J Clin Periodontol. 2004; 31: 562-568
- Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level.J Periodontol. 2001; 72: 1221-1227
- Systemic markers of inflammation in periodontitis.J Periodontol. 2005; 76: 2106-2115
- Acute-phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population.J Dent Res. 2000; 79: 49-57
- Relationship between clinical parameters and cytokine profiles in inflamed gingival tissue and serum samples from patients with chronic periodontitis.J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 1046-1052
- The short-term effects of treatment of chronic periodontitis on circulating levels of endotoxin, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6.J Periodontol. 2004; 75: 420-428
- C-reactive protein (+1444C>T) polymorphism influences CRP response following a moderate inflammatory stimulus.Atherosclerosis. 2005; 179: 413-417
- Bacteremia associated with tooth brushing and dental extraction.Circulation. 2008; 117: 3118-3125
- Peridontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and peridontal condition.Acta Odontol Scand. 1964; 22: 121-135
- Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity.Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21: 533-551
- Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease.J Periodontal. 1959; 30: 59
- Interleukin-8 secretion by fibroblasts induced by low density lipoproteins is p38 MAPK-dependent and leads to cell spreading and wound closure.J Biol Chem. 2006; 281: 199-205
LaBrie S, Holeman H, Donaldson E, Zilberman A. A unique antibody mieroarray for multiplex analysis of human cytokine. InNovations 2004; vol 19. EMB Biosciences-Novagen www.emdbiosciences.com/docs/docs/LIT/inno19a.pdf.
- Interactions between stress, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and cortisol in periodontally diseased patients.J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29: 1012-1022
- Periodontal therapy: a novel non-drug-induced experimental model to study human inflammation.J Periodontal Res. 2004; 39: 294-299
- An analysis of bacteremias during dental extractions: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of chlorhexidine.Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156: 513-520
- Impact of amoxicillin prophylaxis on the incidence, nature, and duration of bacteremia in children after intubation and dental procedures.Circulation. 2004; 109: 2878-2884
- Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease.Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998; 9: 248-266
- Shouts and whispers: an introduction to immunoregulation in periodontal disease.Periodontol 2000. 2004; 35: 9-13
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 11, 2008
Accepted:
February 8,
2008
Received in revised form:
February 6,
2008
Received:
January 25,
2008
Footnotes
This study was supported by a NIDCR/NIH grant no. DE13559-01 and a research grant from the Health Services Foundation at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC. We thank Dr. Judith Raber-Durlacher for her advice and critical reading of this manuscript, and Tainika Williams for her overall skills with the preparation of the manuscript.
Identification
Copyright
© 2008 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
