Objective
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid-origin neoplasm characterized
by the expansion and dissemination of CD1 a+/CD207+ dendritic cells (LCH cells), but
the rarity of its occurrence has long impeded progress in understanding its pathology.
We focus on the potentially important role that regulatory T cells (T-reg) play in
the oral and maxillofacial LCH tumor microenvironment (TME).
Study Design
Nine cases of oral and maxillofacial LCH, diagnosed from 2009 to 2019, were collected
retrospectively from the affiliated hospitals of Southern Medical University. Immunohistochemistry
was conducted characterizing T cells and T-reg phenotype. Data were evaluated by 1-sample
Wilcoxon's test.
Results
Significantly increased frequency and abnormal distributions of T-reg were identified
in all the LCH lesion sections. Proliferating T-reg account for a mean average of
11.5% of the total T-cell subsets, with significant difference (Wilcoxon's test; P < .05).
Conclusions
T-reg expansion in the localized inflammatory TME leads to a failure of immune regulation
by suppressing antitumor response, which can be a latent and significant factor contributing
to LCH progression. However, T-reg may also acquire the capability for aiding in initiating
T-cell responses under the “cytokine storm” at the beginning of LCH onset. T-reg might
contribute to the augmentation of tissue repair by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),
explaining the self-limiting character of LCH.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 26, 2020
Identification
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© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
