Objective
This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous sclerotherapy for
maxillofacial venous malformations.
Study Design
Patients who had venous malformations involving the masticatory muscles and who underwent
sclerotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study.
Results
Twenty-four patients (13 female, 11 male; mean age 21 years) were analyzed. Major
clinical symptoms were swelling (100%) and intralesional pain (54%). Intramuscular
lesions involved the masseter muscle only in 38% of cases, both the masseter and temporalis
muscles in 33%, all masticatory muscles in 21%, and the temporalis muscle only in
8%. Extramuscular involvement was observed in 58% of patients. Absolute ethanol and
polidocanol were used as sclerosants. The mean number of sclerotherapy sessions per
patient was 6.6 (range, 1-32). The mean follow-up duration after the first sclerotherapy
session was 64.8 months (range, 6-178). The complications included paralysis of the
facial nerve (25%), intraoral ulceration (8%), and hemoglobinuria (8%). The effectiveness
of treatment was rated as excellent in 33% of cases, good in 46%, and fair in 21%.
Better results were obtained in patients without extramuscular involvement.
Conclusion
Percutaneous sclerotherapy can be effective and safe for maxillofacial intramuscular
venous malformations, especially for localized lesions of the masseter muscle.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 29, 2022
Accepted:
July 21,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 14,
2022
Received:
June 13,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
