Objective
Extranodal extension (ENE) is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell
carcinoma (OSCC). However, ENE is only confirmed postoperatively by histologic assessment
of the lymph nodes after neck dissection. Accurate identification of ENE preoperatively
would help in management of OSCC.
Study Design
We determined the expression of molecular markers gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH),
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-3 (CDKN3), and chromobox homolog-7 (CBX7) using
immunohistochemistry in OSCC clinical samples (n = 35). The intensity of staining was scored using a semiquantitative index (HSCORE).
The association between clinicopathologic parameters and expression of molecular markers
with ENE status was analyzed using chi-square test.
Results
The number of positive nodes and the highest anatomic level of nodal involvement significantly
correlated with ENE (P < .05). High GGH expression was significantly associated with ENE (P < .05), with an increased risk for ENE (odds ratio [OR] 9.9, 95% CI 1.08-91.47, P = .04), whereas no significant association was seen for CDKN3 and CBX7 expression
with ENE. However, a trend toward significance was observed with a high level of CDKN3
and a low level of CBX7 expression with ENE.
Conclusions
Gamma glutamyl hydrolase offers potential as a predictor for ENE in OSCC, whereas
the role of CDKN3 and CBX7 need to be validated in a larger sample.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 11, 2022
Accepted:
July 23,
2022
Received in revised form:
June 21,
2022
Received:
December 5,
2021
Identification
Copyright
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